?????? ??????? - ??????? ?????? ????????????, ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????, ???????? ????????, ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? iction ???? ???????, ?????? ?? ness ??? ???? ?????? ?????; ?????????? ??? ?????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ~
?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????:
?????? ?? ?????: ??? ?? ness ???, ??? iction ???? ???????, ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????.
PVD ?????? ?? ?????????: PVD ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????.
?????? ??????: ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????, ????? ????, ???? ???????, ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????.
?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? hard ???, ??? ????? ?????????? (??? iction ???? ???????), ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ??? ???? ????; ??; ??? ??????? ????? ?????.
?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? (??????????, ??????????, ??????????, ?????????? ??????), ??????????? ??? (TiN [??????????], ZrN [??????????], CrN, TiAlN), ??????? ??? (TiC, TiCN) ?? ???????? ???????? (TiO, ????).
?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? (??????????, ??????????, ??????????, ?????????? ??????), ??????????? ??? (TiN [??????????], ZrN [??????????], CrN, TiAlN), ??????? ??? (TiC, TiCN) ?? ???????? ???????? (TiO, ????).
?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??.
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